True or false: With gestational diabetes, there is an increased risk to the fetus such as macrosomia, birth trauma, electrolyte imbalances, and hypoglycemia.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Depends on maternal age
• D. Only in multiple pregnancies

Answer: (A)

The statement is true because gestational diabetes poses significant risks to the fetus during pregnancy. One major concern is macrosomia, where the fetus grows larger than normal due to excessive glucose levels in the mother’s blood. This condition often leads to complications during delivery, such as birth trauma, which can occur if the baby is too large for a safe vaginal birth.

Additionally, there can be electrolyte imbalances in the neonate, as their insulin production may increase in response to maternal hyperglycemia. This response can sometimes result in hypoglycemia after birth, as the newborn adjusts to the abrupt change in blood sugar levels once separated from the mother’s supply. These potential complications underscore the importance of managing gestational diabetes effectively to reduce risks to both the mother and the fetus throughout the pregnancy and at delivery.