What intervention is primarily aimed at improving gas exchange in infants with transient tachypnea?

• A. Antibiotics
• B. Continuous positive airway pressure
• C. Fluid restriction
• D. Antipyretics

Answer: (B)

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the appropriate intervention primarily aimed at improving gas exchange in infants with transient tachypnea. This condition, often seen in newborns, especially those delivered via cesarean section without prior labor, is characterized by rapid breathing due to fluid in the lungs that has not yet been fully cleared.

CPAP works by delivering a continuous flow of air to maintain positive airway pressure, which helps to keep the alveoli open. This promotes better ventilation and enhances gas exchange by preventing the collapse of alveoli and allowing for improved oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination. The added pressure also assists in reabsorbing any retained lung fluid, which is essential for resolving transient tachypnea.

While antibiotics, fluid restriction, and antipyretics may have roles in managing other conditions, they do not directly target the primary issue of impaired gas exchange in this specific scenario. CPAP provides a mechanical method of support that directly addresses the pathophysiology of transient tachypnea, making it the most effective choice for improving respiratory function in affected infants.