What is one potential outcome of gestational diabetes for the newborn?

• A. Lower birth weight than average
• B. Macrosomia
• C. Decreased risk of birth defects
• D. Normal glucose levels

Answer: (B)

Gestational diabetes can lead to macrosomia, which refers to a newborn being significantly larger than average. This condition occurs because the elevated blood sugar levels in the mother can pass through the placenta, leading to increased insulin production in the fetus. This excess insulin promotes growth, resulting in a larger body size at birth. Macrosomia is a significant concern because it can complicate delivery and increase the risk of cesarean sections, as well as potential birth injuries.

Other options do not typically relate to the effects of gestational diabetes. For example, lower birth weight is generally not associated with gestational diabetes, where larger body sizes are more prevalent. Similarly, gestational diabetes does not reduce the risk of birth defects; in fact, maternal diabetes can increase the risk of certain complications. Normal glucose levels are also unlikely for newborns when the mother has gestational diabetes, as the infant often experiences fluctuations in blood sugar due to their exposure to higher maternal glucose levels.