What is the number one cause of placental abruption?

• A. Multiple pregnancies
• B. Maternal hypertension
• C. Smoking
• D. Advanced maternal age

Answer: (B)

Maternal hypertension is recognized as the leading cause of placental abruption. This condition occurs when the placenta detaches from the uterine wall prematurely, which can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the baby. High blood pressure, whether chronic or gestational, increases the risk of vascular changes that can disrupt the placental attachment. The increased pressure can cause damage to the blood vessels supplying the placenta, leading to bleeding and the potential for placental separation.

Other factors such as multiple pregnancies, smoking, and advanced maternal age are indeed associated with an increased risk of placental abruption, but they are not considered the primary cause. While multiple pregnancies can stretch the uterus and potentially lead to complications, and smoking has several adverse effects on pregnancy, including placental issues, they do not have the same direct and significant impact as maternal hypertension specifically does on placental detachment. Advanced maternal age also contributes to various pregnancy complications, but hypertension remains the more critical risk factor for placental abruption.